Volumetric analysis, also known as titrimetry, is a quantitative method used to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a known concentration of another solution in a titration. This method relies on measuring the volume of the titrant needed to reach the equivalence point in the reaction. 





Key Concepts:
  • Titrant: The solution of known concentration used to react with the unknown solution. 
  • Analyte: The solution with an unknown concentration being analyzed. 
  • Equivalence Point: The point where the reaction is complete, and the moles of the titrant and analyte are stoichiometrically equivalent. 
  • End Point: The point in the titration where a visual indicator changes color, indicating the completion of the reaction (usually close to the equivalence point). 
  • Indicator: A substance that changes color to signal the end point of the titration. 
Procedure:
  1. 1. Preparation:
    Prepare a solution of the unknown concentration and a standard solution of known concentration (titrant). 
  2. 2. Pipetting:
    A measured volume of the unknown solution is pipetted into a conical flask. 
  3. 3. Adding Indicator:
    Add a few drops of an indicator to the conical flask. 
  4. 4. Titration:
    Slowly add the titrant from a burette to the conical flask, stirring gently. 
  5. 5. Observation:
    Observe the color change of the indicator and note the volume of titrant used to reach the end point. 
  6. 6. Calculations:
    Use the volume of titrant, its concentration, and the stoichiometry of the reaction to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution. 
Types of Volumetric Analysis:
  • Acid-Base Titration: Determining the concentration of an acid or base.
  • Redox Titration: Determining the concentration of a substance that undergoes oxidation or reduction.
  • Precipitation Titration: Determining the concentration of a substance that forms a precipitate.
  • Complexometric Titration: Determining the concentration of a substance that forms a complex with a metal ion